Subpart 1.  General requirements.  Specific reference to
the following material is made in part 5230.1070.  Reference to
this chapter in general, and to part 5230.1070, subpart 2 in
particular, should be made before proceeding further in Appendix
A of the ANSI code.  It is assumed that the manufacturer or
contractor has an organization familiar with the various welding
codes and capable of designing, engineering, and supervising
welded construction.
 

    Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for the
welding done by the organization, and shall conduct the tests
required in this section to qualify the welding procedures being
used in the construction of the weldments built under this code
and the performance of welders and welding operators as defined
in part 5230.1100 who apply these procedures, and shall maintain
records thereof.

    Subp. 2.  Scope.  The following rules apply to the
qualification of welding procedures and welder performance for
all types of manual, semiautomatic and automatic arc and gas
welding processes permitted in other sections of the code. 
These rules may also be applied in so far as they are applicable
to other manual or machine welding processes.
 

    Subp. 3.  Definitions.  Some of the more common terms
relating to welding are defined in the American National
Standard Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping, published by
ASME, 1983 edition, as amended.  These are in substantial
agreement with the definitions of the American Welding Society,
A 3.0 given in "Standard Welding Terms and their Definitions".

    Subp. 4.  Weld orientation.  The orientations of pipe welds
with respect to horizontal and vertical planes of reference are
classified in accordance with part 5230.1250, figure 8 into four
positions.  These are flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead.

    Subp. 5.  Welding positions for qualification tests. 
Welding positions for qualification tests:
 

      A.  Test welds for both procedure qualification and
performance qualification shall be made on groove welds in pipe
in one or more of the specified basic qualification test
positions shown in part 5230.1260, figure 9.  An angular
tolerance of ± 15 degrees from the specified horizontal and
vertical planes shall be allowed in making the test welds.

      B.  Both procedure and performance qualifications on
groove welds in pipe in a given position, shall also qualify for
groove welds in plate and fillet welds in pipe and plate for
equivalent welding positions as shown in part 5230.1260, figure
9.

      C.  The basic qualification test positions are, as
follows:
 

        (1) pipe, horizontal rolled; weld, flat
position.  Pipe with its axis in the horizontal plane and rolled
during welding so that the weld metal is deposited from the top
and within ± 15 degrees from the vertical plane;

        (2) pipe, vertical fixed; weld, horizontal
position.  Pipe with its axis in the vertical position and the
weld with its axis in the horizontal plane;
 

        (3) pipe, horizontal fixed; weld, flat, vertical,
and overhead positions.  Pipe with its axis in the horizontal
plane and the welding groove in the vertical plane.  Welding
shall be done without rotating the pipe so that weld metal is
deposited from the flat, vertical, and overhead positions.
 

      D.  Qualification in test position covered in item C,
subitem (1) qualifies for that position only.  Test positions
covered in item C, subitem (2) or (3) shall qualify for the
respective test positions and also for test position covered in
item C, subitem (1). 

    Qualification in test position covered in both item C,
subitems (2) and (3) are required for qualification in all weld
positions, regardless of orientation of weld or pipe axis.
 

      E.  In cases when production welding is to be done in
one particular position outside of that defined in item C,
subitem (1) both procedure and welder qualification may be made
for that position, with the limitation that procedure and welder
qualification shall be varied only for the actual special
position tested.  An angular tolerance of ± 10 degrees shall
apply.
 

    Subp. 6.  Types of test specimens.  Test specimens for
making qualification tests are two types; reduced-section
tension specimens and guided-bend specimens.  The
reduced-section tension test is used to determine the tensile
strength of the weld joint in procedure qualification tests. 
The dimensions and preparation of the test specimen shall
conform to the requirements.  The alternative 0.505 in. specimen
may be used for material three-fourths inch and over in
thickness.  The guided-bend test is used to check for degree of
soundness and ductility of the weld in both procedure and
performance qualification tests.  Guided-bend test specimens are
of three kinds, as follows:

      A.  Side-bend test specimens that conform to the
requirements shall be used in making guided-bend tests of welds
that are over three-fourths inch in thickness and may be used in
making guided-bend tests of welds that are over three-eighths
inch in thickness. 
 

      B.  Face-bend and root-bend test specimens that
conform to the requirements shall be used in making guided-bend
tests of welds that are 1/16 inch to three-eighths inch in
thickness and may be used in making guided-bend tests of welds
that are up to three-fourths inch in thickness.  The face bend
specimen shall be bent with the face of the weld in tension, and
the root bend specimen shall be bent with the root of the weld
in tension.

    Subp. 7.  Reduced section tension tests.  The
reduced-section tension test specimens shall be ruptured under
tensile load.  The tensile strength shall be computed by
dividing the maximum load by the product of the least width and
corresponding thickness of the specimen as measured before load
is applied.

    The reduced-section tension test specimen shall have a
tensile strength that is not less than the minimum of the
specified tensile strength of the base material or of the weaker
of the two if materials of different specified minimum tensile
strengths are used.  If the specimen breaks in the base metal
outside of the weld or fusion line, the test shall be accepted
as meeting the requirements provided the strength is not more
than five percent below the specified minimum tensile strength
of the base metal.
 

    Subp. 8.  Guided-bend test.  Side-bend, face-bend, and
root-bend specimens shall be bent in a test-jig that has been
approved by the Division of Pipefitting Standards.  The specimen
shall be placed on the die of the test-jig with the weld at
mid-span.  The side of the specimen turned toward the gap of the
jig shall be the face for face-bend specimens, the root for
root-bend specimens, and the side with the greater defects, if
any, for side-bend specimens.  The specimen shall be forced into
the die by applying load on the plunger until the curvature of
the specimen is such that a 1/32 inch diameter wire cannot be
inserted between the die and the specimen.

    Guided-bend specimens shall have no cracks or other open
defects exceeding one-eighth inch measured in any direction on
the convex surface of specimen after bending except that cracks
occurring on the corners of the specimen during testing shall
not be considered, unless there is definite evidence that they
result from slag inclusions or other internal defects.

    STAT AUTH: MS s 326.46
 

    HIST: 14 SR 1877; 17 SR 1279
 

Current as of 04/07/05

    "Power piping systems" shall be understood to include all
steam piping and the component parts such as pipe, flanges,
bolting, gaskets, valves, and fittings, within or forming a part
of the above-mentioned plants, including central and district
heating steam or hot water distribution piping away from the
plant, building heating piping when the pressure exceeds 15 psi
gage for steam, or 30 psi gage for hot water and a temperature
exceeding 250 degrees Fahrenheit, whether the piping is
installed underground or elsewhere.

    Valves, fittings, and piping for boilers, as prescribed in
the ASME Code for Power Boilers, are within the scope for this
code but provisions of the ASME Code for Power Boilers shall
govern where they exceed corresponding requirements of this code.
 

    Economizers, heaters, tanks, and other pressure vessels are
outside the scope of this code, but connecting piping shall
conform to the requirements herein specified.
 

    STAT AUTH: MS s 326.46
Current as of 04/07/05

Ammonia Refrigeration

    STAT AUTH: MS s 326.46

    HIST: 17 SR 438
 

Current as of 04/07/05